Croatia, officially Croatian Republika Hrvatska [ hrva ː TSKA ː ], German Republic of Croatia, state in the southeastern Central Europe (2018) 4.1 million people; The capital is Zagreb.

Croatian art

Croatian art, the art on the territory of Croatia.

Middle Ages and Renaissance

At the same time as Carolingian buildings in northern Italy, churches were built in the Adriatic coastal cities that followed on from the late antique-early Christian tradition (Donatuskirche in Zadar, 810–815). Major works from the Romanesque period are the cathedral of St. Anastasia in Zadar (consecrated in 1204), the wooden doors (1214) of the cathedral in Split by Andrija Buvina and the portal reliefs (1240) of the cathedral in Trogir by master Radovan. The Gothic did not begin to prevail until the 14th century, on the coast of BC. a. based on the Venetian model (cloister of the Franciscan monastery in Dubrovnik, 1327–48). Dubrovnik acquired particular importance for the spread of the Italian Renaissance (Prince’s Palace, 15th / 16th century, Palais Sponza, 1516–22). The Dalmatian painters Nikola Božidarević (* around 1460, † 1517) and Mihajlo Hamzić († 1518) were trained in Italy.

Baroque

In the 17th and 18th centuries, Croatian art was shaped by the rule of Venice in Dalmatia and the Turks (houses, bridges, mosques) inland. Numerous churches were built in Dubrovnik under Italian influence (Cathedral, 1672 / 73–1713; St. Blaise’s Church, 1706–15). Austrian baroque architecture also made its influence felt (Katharinenkirche in Zagreb). Painting and sculpture were also based on the Italian and Austrian baroque.

Classicism and 19th century

With Vjekoslav Karas (* 1821, † 1858), who created portraits in the style of sentimental classicism, a new art slowly began to develop in the sense of a national culture. It followed, inter alia. Nikola Mašić (* 1852, † 1902) with motifs from the local landscape. In addition, academism with ancient and national subjects also gained acceptance (Vlaho Bukovac, * 1844, † 1922).

Croatian music

Croatian music, collective term for folk and art music within the territory of today’s Croatia.

Due to the spatial proximity, the music of Dalmatia can also be counted as Croatian music. In keeping with the eventful history of this region of the Balkans, the music of Croatia and Dalmatia is shaped by many different influences.

Folk music: The different cultures – Celts, Greeks, Romans – had also left their mark on music when the Croats settled the area around the 7th century. This is particularly evident in folk music, which, due to migration movements and the consequences of wars, has until recently been characterized by a strong mix of music, which was also significantly influenced by the surrounding countries. In folk music, for example, a musical material is used that is not inherently uniform; also, folk music cannot easily be divided into country and city. There are single-part songs as opposed to two- to three-part songs, with the latter also being sung in alternating groups with several singers. Scales or scale excerpts are used in a free rhythm following the text or in a bound form, for example for dance songs. The themes of folk music follow the rural annual cycle, if it is not about songs on festive dates (wedding, Epiphany, etc.). Depending on the region, there are pair dances such as round dances, along the Adriatic Sea and the offshore islands there are also dances in lines. Common instruments include bells, drums of various sizes, flutes, single and double reed wind instruments (including bagpipes) and horns; Depending on the region, dulcimer, violins and v. a. the accordion can be found in different designs. As the founder of the music ethnology in Croatia The themes of folk music follow the rural annual cycle, if it is not about songs on festive dates (wedding, Epiphany, etc.). Depending on the region, there are pair dances such as round dances, along the Adriatic Sea and the offshore islands there are also dances in lines. Common instruments include bells, drums of various sizes, flutes, single and double reed wind instruments (including bagpipes) and horns; Depending on the region, dulcimer, violins and v. a. the accordion can be found in different designs. As the founder of the music ethnology in Croatia The themes of folk music follow the rural annual cycle, if it is not about songs on festive dates (wedding, Epiphany, etc.). Depending on the region, there are pair dances such as round dances, along the Adriatic Sea and the offshore islands there are also dances in lines. Common instruments include bells, drums of various sizes, flutes, single and double reed wind instruments (including bagpipes) and horns; Depending on the region, dulcimer, violins and v. a. the accordion can be found in different designs. As the founder of the music ethnology in Croatia along the Adriatic Sea and the offshore islands also dances in lines. Common instruments include bells, drums of various sizes, flutes, single and double reed wind instruments (including bagpipes) and horns; Depending on the region, dulcimer, violins and v. a. the accordion can be found in different designs. As the founder of the music ethnology in Croatia along the Adriatic Sea and the offshore islands also dances in lines. Common instruments include bells, drums of various sizes, flutes, single and double reed wind instruments (including bagpipes) and horns; Depending on the region, dulcimer, violins and v. a. the accordion can be found in different designs. As the founder of the music ethnology in Croatia Franjo Kuhač (* 1834, † 1911) under the title »South Slavic Folk Songs« (four volumes) between 1878 and 1881, among others. also Croatian folk songs.

Art music: At the beginning of an own art music, after Christianization, there was the adoption of church music according to the rite of the Roman church (Gregorian chant); Numerous codices have survived from the 11th to 15th centuries. The connection to Italy and especially Venice intensified in the 16th and 17th centuries, so that musical life in Croatia and Dalmatia flourished and the country was home to composers such as Julius Schiavetto († 1564/65) and Ivan Lukačić (* 1587, † 1648) spawned. Church music was particularly important during this period until well into the 18th century, among other things. in the form of the Pauliner hymn book (1644), which contains 52 songs, and the hymns collected in the Cithara octochorda. In the course of the 18th century Austria’s influence on the country increased and the developments in German music were carried over to Croatian music, recognizable for example in the symphonies of the composer Luka Sorkočević (* 1734, † 1789). The center of Croatian music in the 19th century was Zagreb with a soon rich musical life; the composers of this time include Ferdo Wiesner-Livadić (* 1799, † 1879), Vratoslav Lisinski (* 1819, † 1854) and Ivan Zajc (* 1832, † 1914);The latter pursued the expansion of musical life, especially in the field of opera (opening of the opera house in Zagreb in 1870). More recent composers from Croatia include: Milko Kelemen (* 1924, † 2018) and Silvio Foretic (* 1940).

Osijek

Osijek, German Osijek, Hungarian Eszék [ εse ː k], a town in Croatia, the administrative center of the district Osijek-Baranja, on the right bank of the Drava, (2011) 84,100 residents.

Most important city in Slavonia; University (founded in 1975), Museum of Slavonia, art gallery, collection of sacred art, Croatian national theater, zoological garden; Food industry, brewery, chemical, textile, cellulose and paper industry; River port, airport.

The Roman colony Colonia (Aelia) Mursa, built on the site of an Illyrian-Celtic settlement, was destroyed by the Ostrogoths in the 4th century; Slavic settled since the 6th century; Mentioned as a trading center in 1196; 1526–1687 under Turkish rule.

Zagreb

According to allcitycodes.com, Zagreb [ za ː – ] (formerly German Agram), is the capital of Croatia, on the upper Sava, with (2018) 806,300 residents.

As a leading educational and cultural center, Zagreb has a university, colleges and academies as well as the national theater and a diverse museum landscape. Zagreb is the most important business location in Croatia (industry, trade, finance, tourism).

The city’s landmark is the double-towered St. Stephen’s Cathedral. Numerous baroque and classicist buildings have been preserved in the upper town.

Zagreb, a Roman foundation, was the capital of the Kingdom of Croatia from 1718 to 1918. Since 1991 it has been the capital of the independent Republic of Croatia.